Introduction to the principle of central air conditioning and composition of water system

1. What is a water system?

The water system is a type of system in the air conditioning system that uses water as refrigerant for heat transfer and regulation. Compared with fluorine systems, the water system is larger in scale and is usually used in large-scale construction sites, such as shopping malls, office buildings, hotels, etc. When the opening rate reaches more than 90% at the same time, the water system can show good energy-saving effects. At present, American brands occupy a major share in the water system market and are mainly aimed at the commercial market.

The water system is to hand over all the indoor load to the hot and cold water unit. The fan coils in each room are closely connected to the hot and cold water unit through pipes, and rely on the hot and cold water provided by the hot and cold water unit to achieve cooling and heating functions. During summer cooling, the hot and cold water unit prepares low-temperature frozen water, which is transported to the fan coils of each room through pipelines, exchanges heat with the indoor air, absorbs indoor heat, and reduces the indoor temperature; during winter heating, the hot and cold water unit prepares high-temperature hot water, which is also transported to the fan coils through pipelines, releasing heat into the room, and increasing the indoor temperature.

Typical air conditioning unit composition

A typical air conditioning unit is mainly composed of three parts: refrigerated water circulation system, cooling water circulation system, and main unit. Each part works together to ensure the normal operation of the air conditioning system.

Refrigerated water circulation system

This part consists of a refrigeration pump, an indoor fan and a refrigeration water pipe. The low-temperature frozen water flowing out of the main machine evaporator is sent into the refrigeration water pipe (outlet water) under the pressurization of the refrigeration pump, and then enters the room. Indoors, the low-temperature frozen water exchanges heat with the air, takes away the heat in the room, the temperature of the frozen water increases after the heat exchange, and finally returns to the main machine evaporator (return water). The function of the indoor fan is to blow air through the refrigerated water pipes, accelerate the heat exchange between the air and the refrigerated water, thereby more effectively reducing the air temperature and achieving rapid indoor cooling.

Cooling water circulation part

This part consists of a cooling pump, cooling water pipe, cooling water tower, etc. During the indoor heat exchange process of the frozen water circulation system, a large amount of heat energy will be taken away. This heat energy is transferred to the cooling water through the refrigerant in the host, causing the cooling water temperature to rise. The cooling pump presses the heated cooling water into the cooling water tower (outlet water). In the cooling water tower, the cooling water is fully heat exchanged with the atmosphere. After the temperature is reduced, it is sent back to the main condenser (return water). This cycle is repeated to ensure that the main machine can operate continuously and stably.

Host

The main unit is the core of the air-conditioning water system, consisting of a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and refrigerant (refrigerant). The function of the compressor is to compress the refrigerant to increase its temperature and pressure; high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the condenser and exchanges heat with the cooling water, transfers heat to the cooling water, and reduces its own temperature and liquefy; the liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator after passing through the throttling device, absorbs the heat of the refrigerant in the evaporator and vaporizes, reducing the temperature of the refrigerant; the vaporized refrigerant is sucked in by the compressor again, and starts a new round of circulation. Through this series of processes, the host realizes heat transfer and transfer, providing the air-conditioning system with the cooling and heat required for cooling or heating.

Shanghai KUB Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd.

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